Flynn’s Classification, System Attributes to Performance, Parallel computer models Multiprocessors and multicomputers, Multivector and SIMD Computers. Data and resource dependences,Hardware and software parallelism,Program partitioning and scheduling, Grain size and latency, Control flow, data flow and Demand driven mechanisms. Static interconnection networks,Dynamic interconnection Networks: Bus Systems, Crossbar Switch, Multiport Memory,Multistage and Combining Networks.

Instruction set architecture, CISC Scalar Processors , RISC Scalar Processors, VLIW architecture,Memory Hierarchy, Inclusion, Coherence and Locality, Memory capacity planning. Interleavedmemory organization- memory interleaving, pipelined memory access, Bandwidth and Fault Tolerance. Backplane Bus System :Backplane bus specification, Addressing and timing protocols,Arbitration transaction and interrupt.

Linear pipeline processor, Nonlinear pipeline processor, Instruction pipeline design, Mechanisms for instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards, Dynamic instruction scheduling - score boarding and Tomosulo’s algorithm, Branch handling techniques, Arithmetic Pipeline Design, Static arithmetic pipeline, Multifunctional arithmetic pipelines. Superscaler pipeline design, Super pipeline processor design.

Computer Network: Definitions, goals, components, structure, Architecture, Classifications & types, Growth, Complexity and applications etc. Layered Architecture: Protocol hierarchy, Connection Oriented & Connectionless Services, Service permative Design issues & its functionality. ISO-OSI Reference Model: Principle, Model, Descriptions of various layers and its comparison with TCP/IP.Network standardization.Examples of Networks:Telecommunication Network,Corporate Networks,Connection oriented network i.e., X.25, Frame relay & ATM, Wireless LAN 802.11, internet, Intranet,Extranet, SNA & DNA etc.

Data Link Layer: Need, Services Provided, Framing & its methods, Flow Control, Error control.DLL Protocol: Elementary & Sliding Window. Piggybacking & Pipelining. Protocol verification:Finite State Machine Models & Petri net models. Example in Data Link Layers: HDLC & Internet. Comparison of BISYNC and HDLC Features. Bridges and layer-2 switches.

MAC Sub layer: Static & Dynamic channel allocation, Media access control for LAN & WAN. Classification of MAC Sub layer protocol, Study of various collision, Collision free & limited contention protocol i.e., ALOHA : pure, slotted , CSMA, CSMA/CD,CSMA/CA, Bit Map, Binary count down, BRAP, MLMA, Adaptive tree walk & urn protocol etc. IEEE 802 standards for LAN & MAN & their comparison. Ethernet: Cabling, Binary exponentials algorithms, performance fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI. Wireless LANs, Broadband Wireless, Bluetooth:Architecture, Application & Layering.


NETWORK Layer: Need, Services Provided , Design issues, Routing algorithms: Least Cost Routing algorithm, Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-ford algorithm, Hierarchical Routing,Broadcast Routing, Multicast Routing, Routing for mobile hosts, Routing in Ad Hoc Networks Routing Strategies, Congestion Control Algorithms: General Principles of Congestion control,Prevention Policies, Congestion Control in Virtual-Circuit Subnets, Congestion Control in Datagram subnets. IP protocol, IP Addresses, Comparative study of IPv4 & IPv6, Mobile IP.

Processes to Processes Delivery – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - User Datagram Protocol, Data Traffic, Congestion Control and Quality of Service, Techniques to improve QOS, Integrated Services, and Differentiated Services. Network Security: Cryptography,Message Security, Digital Signature, User Authentication, Key Management, Security Protocols in Internet ,DNS,SMTP, FTP, HTTP, WWW, Virtual Terminal Protocol, VoIP: Basic IP Telephone System,H.323 Characteristic & Layering, SIP Characteristics, Method & Sessions.


Reference Reading:
1. Tanenbaum A. S ,”Computer Networks “Pearson Education.
2. Stalling W, “Computer Networks”, Pearson Education
3. Douglas E. Comer & M.S Narayanan,”Computer Network & Internet”, Pearson Education
4. Behraj A Forouzan,”Data Communication & Networking”, McGraw-Hill.
5. Natalia Olifar & Victor Olifer,”Computer Networks”, Willey Pub.
6. Prakash C. Gupta, “Data Comunications and Computer Networks”, PHI
7. Bertsekas & Gallager “Data Network” , PHI
8 Gallo,”Computer Communication & Networking Technologies”,Cengage Learning