Different types of Signals:Continuous,Discrete,Periodic,Time Domain and Frequency Domain Representation,Introduction to basic Transform Techniques applicable to these Signals.

Spectral Analysis:Fourier Technique, Fourier Transform and their Properties, Transform of Gate Signal, Impulse Function and Unit Step Function, Fourier Transform Technique for Periodic Signal,Transform of Train of Pulses and Impulses, Sine and Cosine wave.

Signal Energy and Power:Spectral Density of various types of signals, Spectra (Parseval’s Theorem), Density Spectra of Periodic Gate and Impulse train.

Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems:Impulse Response,Convolution,Convolution with Impulse Function,Casual and Non Causal System Distortion less System,Impulse Response of Distortion less System, Ideal Filter and Practical Filter.

Modulation Techniques:Need and types of modulation techniques,Amplitude Modulation ,Frequency Spectrum , Power Distribution, Modulation by Complex Signal, Low Level and High Level AM Modulators, Linear Integrated Circuit AM Modulators, Suppressed Carrier Generation (Balance/Chopper and Square Law Modulation), SSB Generator (Phase and Frequency Discrimination Method), VSB Transmission and Application. Detection of AM signals: Envelope Detector Circuit, RC Time Constant, Synchronous Detection Technique, Error in Synchronous Detection, SSB signal detection, PLL and its use in demodulation.

Angle Modulation:Frequency & Phase Modulation Frequency spectrum, bandwidth requirement ,Frequency and Phase Deviation, Modulation Index, NBFM and WBFM, Multiple frequencies FM.

FM Modulators:Direct(Parameter Variation Method)& Indirect (Armstrong)Method of frequency modulation. FM Detector: Slope Detector, Foster Seely Discriminator, Ratio Detector and PLL detectors.

Radio Transmitters:AM transmitter, block diagram and working of Low Level and High Level Transmitters,Trapezoidal Pattern & Carrier Shift,SSB Transmitters,FM transmitters -Frequency Multiplication Applied to FM Signals, FM transmitters.

Radio Receivers:Block Diagram of Radio Receiver, Receiver Characteristics (Selectivity, Fidelity and Sensitivity), AM Receiver, RF Receiver, Super-hetero dyne Receiver, RF Amplifier, Frequency Mixer,AVC and AFC, Image Signal, Intermediate Frequency Selection, Diversity Reception, FM Receiver.

Noise :Sources and types of noise and their power density, White Noise, Noise from Single and Multiple noise source for Linear Systems, Super Position of Power Spectrum, Equivalent Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, and Equivalent Noise Temperature, their Relationship, Calculation of Noise Figure and Noise Temperature for Cascade Systems, Noise Performance of Communication System, Band Pass Noise Representation in Terms of Low Pass, In-phase and Quadrature Phase Component and their Power Spectral Density, Figure of Merit, Calculation for AM, AM-SC and SSB System, Noise in Angle Modulate System, Figure of Merit for FM, Noise Density of Output of FM Detector, Preemphasis and De-emphasis, Phasor Representation of Noise, Capture Effect, Comparison of Noise Performance of AM and FM.

Transistor at low frequency:frequency response, bandwidth, h-parameter analysis of CC, CB and CE configuration, simplified model, gain and impedance calculation of single stage amplifier.

Transistor at high frequency:high frequency model (hybrid-π), Parameters and their definition,Miller capacitance and its effect on voltage gain,

Feedback amplifier:positive and negative feedback loop gain, effect of negative feedback on gain stability, distortion, bandwidth, input and output impedance of amplifier, types of feedback(voltage, current, series and shunt) and their analysis.

Oscillators:condition of sustained oscillation, RC phase shift, LC (Hartley and Collpit) Oscillators,Wein Bridge, Negative resistance (Tunnel diode and UJT) oscillators, crystal oscillators.

Cascade amplifiers:Calculation of gain, Input and output impedance, Effect of Cascading on bandwidth, Transformer, RC and direct-coupled amplifier and their performance.

Darlington connection:equivalent circuit and Calculation of gain and impedances,

Cascade amplifier:advantage,circuit diagram and analysis, feedback pair and applications of BIFET,Bootstrapping technique.

Differential amplifier -configuration, transfer characteristics, DC analysis, h-parameter analysis,differential and common mode gain, CMRR, constant current source and current mirror, level shift.

Operational amplifier:(IC741), specifications, ideal and practical characteristics, frequency response, unity gain bandwidth, limitations, slew rate and its effect on full power bandwidth, input offset voltage, bias and offset currents, compensation.

Applications of Op-Amp: Inverting and non-inverting amplifier Analog computation, summer(inverting and non-inverting), averager, integrator, differentiator, scalar, sign changer, phase changer,multiplier, buffer, Differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, comparator, Schmitt trigger,precision rectifier, log and antilog amplifier, voltage-to-current and current-to-voltage converter.

Computer Basics and CPU:Von Newman model,various subsystems,CPU, Memory, I/O, System Bus,CPU and Memory registers,Program Counter, Accumulator,Instruction register, Micro operations,Register Transfer Language, Instruction Fetch, decode and execution,data movement and manipulation, Instruction formats and addressing modes of basic computer.8085 microprocessor organization

Control Unit Organization: Hardwired control unit, Micro and nano programmed control unit, Control Memory,Address Sequencing,Micro Instruction formats,Micro program sequencer Micro programming,

Arithmetic and Logic Unit:Arithmetic Processor,Addition,subtraction,multiplication & division, Floating point and decimal arithmetic and arithmetic units,design of arithmetic unit.

Input Output Organization:Modes of data transfer –program controlled, interrupt driven and direct memory access,Interrupt structures,I/O Interface,Asynchronous data transfer,I/O processor ,8085 I/O structure,8085 instruction set and basic programming.Data transfer –Serial / parallel , synchronous / asynchronous, simplex/half duplex and full duplex.

Memory organization:Memory Maps, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory -Organization and mappings. Associative memory, Virtual memory, Memory Management Hardware.

Multiprocessors:Pipeline and Vector processing,Instruction and arithmetic pipelines,Vector and array processors, Interconnection structure and inter-processor communication.
 

Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)
B.E. (EC) ELECTONICS AND COMMUNICATION